Salud & Sociedad: investigaciones en psicologia de la salud y psicologia social

Living on the debris: quality of life in haiti after earthquake

Este artigo pretende lançar uma reflexão sobre a qualidade de vida no Haiti, após o terremoto, utilizando os domínios apontados pelo instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde, o WHOQOL 100, como norteadores desta análise. A fim de organizar os dados colhidos in loco antes e depois da catástrofe, desdobramos estes domínios nas categorias contempladas pelas perguntas do referido instrumento: saúde e assistência médica; educação e acesso à informação; renda e profissão; segurança; meio ambiente; espaço físico e moradia; lazer e tempo livre; família e rede social; satisfação com a própria vida e perspectiva de vida; espiritualidade e crenças pessoais. Concluímos que um estudo sobre qualidade de vida no país deve considerar as particularidades das regiões e das condições socioeconômicas de sua população, bem como as características culturais, em que a resiliência e a religiosidade permeiam a maneira como enfrentam os reveses da vida. Considerando que o Haiti já se encontrava em uma situação de crise humanitária antes do terremoto, apontamos um possível impacto paradoxal da catástrofe sobre a população, com efeitos ora negativos sobre a segurança e os laços familiares, ora favoráveis sobre as condições de sobrevivência da população mais miserável.

This article analyzes the quality of life in Haiti after the earthquake, based on the domains of the World Health Organization Quality Of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL 100). In order to organize the data collected on-site before and after the disaster, the domains were categorized according to the groups denominated in the WHOQOL: health and medical care, education and access to information, income and occupation, security, environment, physical space and housing, leisure and free time, family and social network, satisfaction with life and outlook on life, spirituality and personal beliefs. We conclude that a study on quality of life in Haiti should consider the specific features of the region and its socioeconomic conditions, as well as the cultural features of the population, given that resilience and religiosity strongly affect the way people face the setbacks of life. Taking into account that Haiti was already facing a humanitarian crisis before the earthquake, we point out a possible paradoxical impact of the disaster on the population, with negative effects on security and family ties and favorable effects on the survival conditions of the most miserable segment of the population.

An intracultural study of the structural consistency of the multidimensional scale of interpersonal reactivity (EMRI)

O presente estudo pretende verificar a consistência interna e estrutural da escala de empatia em quatro estados brasileiros. Dos variados instrumentos que avaliam a empatia, destaca-se a escala multidimensional de reatividade interpessoal de Davis (EMRI), a qual tem, não somente, um corpo teórico organizado, mas também, um instrumento operacionalizado para a mensuração do construto da empatia e que vem revelando bastante organizado e fidedigno quanto ao seu uso. A amostra foi composta por 899 sujeitos, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, de 14 a 61 anos, distribuídos no nível fundamental, médio e universitário de instituições privadas e publicas, nas cidades de João Pessoa- PB, Uberlândia-MG, Seropédica-RJ e Natal-RN. Os sujeitos responderam a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal e dados sócio-demográficos. A partir de uma analise de equação e modelagem estrutural, observaram-se, em todas as amostras, indicadores psicométricos que garantiram a consistência estrutural da escala de reatividade interpessoal (EMRI) mensurada em quatro fatores, revelando assim, a segurança consistência empírica para o uso em brasileiros.

This study aims to verify the internal and structural consistency and of the empathy scale in four Brazilian states. Of the various instruments that assess empathy, the Davis Multi-Dimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (EMRI) stands out. It has an organized theoretical body as well as an operationalized instrument which measures the construct of empathy, and it has been found to be reliable and very well organized. The sample group consisted of 899 male and female subjects between the ages of 14 and 61 years old. All the subjects attended private and public primary, secondary, and college level educational institutions in the cities of João Pessoa-PB, Uberlândia-MG, Seropédica-RJ and Natal-RN. The subjects answered the Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity and socio-demographic data. Using equation analysis and structural modeling, ipsychometric indicators were observed in all samples. These indicators ensure the structural consistency of the Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (EMRI) as measured by four factors, thus demonstrating assured empirical consistency when used with Brazilians.

Colombian validation of Pediatric Sleepiness Scale (EPS-VC) and Cleveland Sleepiness Questionnaire for Adolescents (CCSA-VC)

Objetivos. El propósito de este estudio es establecer las características psicométricas en la población colombiana del municipio de Sabaneta del Cuestionario Pediátrico de Somnolencia Excesiva Diurna y del Cuestionario Cleveland de Somnolencia Excesiva para Adolescentes. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, en una población de niños escolarizados, no se incluye población patolológica ni evaluación clínica. Medidas. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario Cleveland de Somnolencia para Adolescentes Versión Colombiana, el cuestionario pediátrico de sueño versión colombiana, el Inventario de Depresión para Niños, el EDAH y las sub-escalas de somnolencia y trastornos respiratorios del sueño del PSQ versión Colombiana. Se realizan procedimientos de coeficiente de fiabilidad, análisis factorial, correlación inter ítem e inter-escala, regresión lineal y prueba test-retest, lo mismo que índice de concordancia inter-evaluadores. Participantes. La población escogida fueron 324 niños y adolescentes escolarizados en colegios públicos y privados del municipio de Sabaneta Antioquia entre los 6 a los 17 años. Resultados. La escala pediátrica de somnolencia, se obtiene un índice Kappa de 0,927, En el puntaje global del cuestionario Cleveland de somnolencia para adolescentes se obtiene un índice de Kappa de 0,867. En la EPS-VC alfa de Cronbach de 0,734, las correlaciones de cada ítem con el puntaje global de la escala fueron también positivas y significativas (P<0,01). La varianza total explicada de la prueba apunta a describe un 59,9%. En el CCSA se obtiene un alfa de Cronbach de 0,759, presentan correlaciones significativas (p<0,01), La varianza total explicada para esta prueba es del 56,9%. Conclusiones. Ambos instrumentos en general presentan características apropiadas de validez de contenido, de criterio y de constructo, que hacen que su uso en la población colombiana sea razonable.

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to establish the psychometric characteristics of the population of the municipality of Sabaneta, Colombia, using the Pediatric Sleepiness Scale and the Cleveland Sleepiness Questionnaire for Adolescents. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study in a population of school children was used. Neither pathological population nor clinical evaluation is included in this study. Instruments. The instruments used were the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire, Colombian version, the Children's Depression Inventory, the ADHS, and sleepiness and the sleep-disordered breathing sub-scales of the Colombian version of the PSQ. Procedures performed were reliability coefficient, factor analysis, inter-item and inter-scale correlation, linear regression and test-retest, which indicates inter-concordance index evaluators. Participants. The population surveyed consisted of 324 children and adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the municipality of Sabaneta Antioquia, Columbia. Results. The Pediatric Sleepiness scale yields a Kappa index of 0.927. The overall score of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire yields a Kappa index of 0.867. In the EPS-VC Cronbach's alpha of 0.734, the correlations of each item with the total score of the scale are both positive and significant (P <0.01). The total variance explained by the described test points to 59.9%. The CCSA obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.759, showing significant correlations (p <0.01). Total explained variance for this test is 56.9%. Conclusions. Both instruments have characteristics generally appropriate content validity, criterion and construct, making their use in the Colombian population appropriate.

Emotional intelligence in the improvement of parental styles

Este trabajo, parte la hipótesis de que mejores niveles de inteligencia emocional, están asociados a mejores patrones de comunicación de tipo afectivo y a la adopción de un estilo parental eficiente. Se aplicó a una muestra de 468 padres de familia mexicanos, un cuestionario con preguntas de tipo sociodemográfico, el Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24) para evaluar la Inteligencia emocional percibida, la Escala de Normas y Exigencias (ENE-P) para identificar el estilo parental ejercido y la Escala de Afecto versión para padres (EA-P) que genera información sobre el tipo de comunicación que se establece entre padres e hijos. Los resultados muestran una sólida asociación entre las variables y una validez predictiva tanto de las habilidades emocionales como del tipo de comunicación en el ejercicio de un estilo parental inductivo.

This paper tries the hypothesis that higher levels of emotional intelligence are associated with better patterns of affective communication and the adoption of effective parenting styles. Participants were 468 Mexican parents who answered a demographic questionnaire, the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24) to assess perceived emotional intelligence. The same participants also took the Scale of Standards and Requirements to identify the parental style and the Scale of Affection to assess the communication style established between parents and children. The results indicate a strong association between the variables and the predictive validity of both emotional skills and communication styles in the adoption of inductive parenting styles.

Social representations about quality and equity in education

Validation of the social phobia and anxiety inventory in a sample of Mexican university students

Este artículo tiene como objetivos estudiar la estructura factorial, consistencia interna, distribución, diferencias entre sexos, validez convergente y relación con la edad y deseabilidad social del Inventario de ansiedad y fobia social (Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory [SPAI]). En una muestra de 695 estudiantes universitarios con cuotas equivalentes por sexos se aplicaron el SPAI, la Escala de ansiedad en la interacción social (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale [SIAS]), la Escala de autoverbalizaciones al hablar en público (Self-Statements during Public Speaking Scale [SSPS] y el Inventario balanceado de deseabilidad social al responder (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding [BIDR]). Reducido el SPAI a 41 ítems, el modelo estructural de un factor de fobia social (con cinco factores subordinados) correlacionado con un factor de agorafobia mostró un ajuste adecuado a los datos. Los valores de consistencia interna fueron altos, las distribuciones asimétricas positivas, las mujeres promediaron más alto que los hombres, las correlaciones fueron bajas con edad y el factor de manejo de la impresión del BIDR, y moderadas con SIAS y SSPS. Se sugiere el uso del SPAI-41 en México y su estudio en otros países hispanoparlantes.

The aims of this paper were to study the factorial structure, internal consistency, distribution, sex differences, convergent validity, and the relation to age and social desirability of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI). The SPAI, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Self-statements Scale during Public Speaking (SSPS) and Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR), were administered to a sample of 695 college students with equivalent gender quotas. If the SPAI is reduced to 41 items, a structural model of one factor of social phobia (with five subordinate factors) correlated with one factor of agoraphobia showed an adequate fit to the data. The internal consistency values were high, distributions were positively skewed, women averaged higher than men, and correlations were low with age and the BIDR impression management factor. They were moderate with the SIAS and SSPS. We suggest the use of the SPAI-41 in Mexico and its study in other Spanish-speaking countries.