Abstract

SCHMIDT, Diego Rafael; FERREIRA, Vinícius Renato Thomé  and  WAGNER, Marcia Fortes. Temporomandibular disorder: anxiety, depression and early maladaptive schemas. Temas psicol. [online]. 2015, vol.23, n.4, pp.973-985. ISSN 1413-389X.  https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2015.4-13.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an orofacial pathology related to either joint or muscle aspects, or both, regarding the temporomandibular articulation (TMA); pain is one of main symptoms. Many patients properly respond to conventional dental treatments, however in many TMD cases dental treatment alone is not effective, and psychological follow-up is required. Pain involves an experience that may be influenced by negative events in childhood, and by Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). The EMSs are more rigid and inflexible cognitive structures associated to psychopathologies. The present work aimed to identify symptoms of anxiety, depression, and the EMSs presented in a sample of dental patients with TMD symptoms. Forty dental and non-dental patients participated in this study - 20 with and 20 without TMD. They answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Depressive Symptoms Intensity Survey (LIS-D), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Young Schema Questionnaire - short form (YSQ-S2). Inferential and descriptive statistical analysis were performed to identify possible differences between groups. The presence of more depressive and anxious symptoms was observed in the group of patients with TMD. Moreover, the items that indicated significant statistical difference in the YSQ-S2 - short form were: distrust/abuse, subjugation and emotional inhibition, as well as EMSs emotional deprivation, social isolation/alienation and entanglement/underdeveloped self. Thus, three out of six EMSs indicated belonging to disconnection and rejection domain suggesting that a significant number of patients with TMD would have been through negative emotional experiences in childhood.

Keywords : Temporomandibular disorder; anxiety; depression; early maladaptive schemas.

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