Resumen

CECCARELLI, Paulo Roberto. Social bonds: an illusion to face abandonment. Reverso [online]. 2009, vol.31, n.58, pp.33-41. ISSN 0102-7395.

Based on the interface “cultural development versus constitutive dynamic conflicts of the I”, the author presents the hypothesis according to which the analysis of some Freudian texts, suggests that social bond, a creation of Eros, is one amongst the many “solutions” human being uses to face helplessness. Such a solution is, though, an illusion, in the Freudian sense of the word: a belief motivated by the wish fulfillment, whose force originates in one of the most pressing wishes of the humanity: the necessity of protection through love. The text discusses the major elements that led Freud, between 1905 and 1913, to propose three phases of mankind evolution - the animistic, religious and the scientific one -, whose arguments he found in his clinical work. Before World War I, Freud based his hypothesis on Darwin’s Lamarck’s works, and believed in a progress of civilization. During the War, however, his idea of progress is radically put in question, and it reveals to be an utopia. Freud is obliged to admit that the civilized nations are capable of great horrors. That is to say, the return to barbarity is always a possibility whenever human being narcissism is threatened and he or she must face its helplessness. In such a situation is it civilization as a whole, as well as social bonds, that the risk of disappearing.

Palabras clave : Social bonds; Utopias; Helplessness; Dynamic drives.

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