GUEDES, Maria Luisa. Porque o controle aversivo não é uma possibilidade na clínica. []. , 19, 4, pp.65-70. ISSN 0188-8145.

^lpt^aAs relações comportamentais estabelecidas entre as pessoas compõem o ambiente especial que nos distingue das outras espécies. Embora muito do sofrimento humano decorrente das relações com a natureza tenha sido amenizado com os avanços tecnológicos, aversividades advindas de relações entre indivíduos são ainda frequentes. Nas relações sociais, por emparelhamento, um indivíduo pode ser um reforçador condicionado e generalizado, porém, ao infligir estimulação dolorosa incondicional a outro, este pode, também, tornar-se um estímulo aversivo condicionado. Os efeitos do uso de estímulos aversivos já são bastante conhecidos: eliciação de respostas emocionais negativas, predisposição para fuga e ataque à fonte estimuladora, etc. Entretanto, tais efeitos não impedem a ocorrência do comportamento punido e dispõem o indivíduo a agir de qualquer modo que amenize os estados corporais indesejáveis produzidos, com alta probabilidade de interrupção da interação com o indivíduo controlador. O objetivo do presente texto não foi uma apresentação rigorosa de novos dados sobre controle aversivo, mas, uma reflexão sobre os efeitos já conhecidos. Muitos dos efeitos desastrosos do controle aversivo já foram descritos, assim como algumas pistas para entender porque abusamos dele. Porém, dado o grande desafio em promover o abandono de tais práticas, pesquisas sobre controle aversivo ainda são bem-vindas e necessárias.^len^aThe behavior relations established among people compose the special environment which distinguishes us from other species (the social environment or culture). Although much of the human suffering caused by the direct relations with the nature have been attenuated due to technological advancements, the suffering generated in the aversive relations among individuals is still frequent and an equivalent progress in the reduction of its effects hasn't taken place yet. As a function of the evolutionary history of the specie antecedent events contingent to the response-reinforcement relation acquire properties similar the consequent stimulus. In the social relations, as well as one can be a conditioned and generalized reinforcer, by inflicting painful unconditional stimulation to another, one can also become a conditioned aversive stimulus. Defining aversive stimuli as the one which selects the response that removes it, the damage to the social relations that the aversive control can exert can be estimated. The effects of the aversive stimuli use are already widely known among behavior analysts and it entails: negative emotional responses elicitation, predisposition to escape, attack against the stimulus source or acting in an incompatible way to the demanded, etc. However, such effects besides not preventing the occurrence of the punished behavior, predispose the individual to act in any manner that relieves the undesired corporal states produced, be it through the ingestion of substances, engaging itself in bizarre, dangerous or illogical behaviors or even interrupting the social interaction with the controller. In the clinical setting, these effects are frequently observed and aversive behavior interactions are the base of many of the diagnosed problems. Thus, it is contended that the use of aversive strategies in the therapy must be abolished not only because they don't solve the problem but also because they produce others. The objective of the present text was not a thorough display of new data about aversive control, but a reflection about the already known effects instead. Many of the hazardous effects of the aversive control have already been described, as much as some clues to understand why we use and abuse it. Nevertheless, hence the great challenge in promoting the abandonment of such practices, research on the aversive control is still welcomed and needed.

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