DAHAS, Liane Jorge de Souza; NEVES FILHO, Hernando Borges; CUNHA, Talita Regina de Lima    RESENDE, Briseida Dôgo de. Aprendizagem social em cães domésticos: Uma revisão dos estudos tendo humanos como liberadores de dicas. []. , 21, 4, pp.509-522. ISSN 0188-8145.

^lpt^aOs comportamentos comunicativos tendo humanos como interlocutores são essenciais para a adaptação de cães domésticos a seus ambientes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo reunir estudos que analisaram as habilidades caninas em responder a dicas de apontar, dadas por humanos, estimulando um debate entre a Etologia e a Análise Experimental do Comportamento e apresentando possibilidades de sínteses explicativas. Como conclusão tem-se que as habilidades comunicativas observadas em cães não devem ser atribuídas unicamente a um fator herdado, fruto da domesticação da espécie, visto que a aprendizagem é um forte determinante do comportamento; nem tampouco somente ao que é aprendido ao longo da ontogenia, visto que os processos de condicionamento não são os únicos responsáveis pelas habilidades comunicativas vistas na espécie. Também se discute o papel da epigênese na facilitação da comunicação entre cães e humanos. O delineamento desses experimentos pode ser muito fortalecido caso haja uma ampliação do diálogo entre a Etologia e a Análise Experimental do Comportamento.^len^aCommunicative behavior with human interlocutor has been designated as essential to the adaptation of domestic dogs in their environments. The ability to follow human pointing in choice tasks is an example of social behavior that involves communication between dogs and humans, and is increasingly reported in the literature as a consistent phenomenon. Human beings are a relevant part of dog's social environment, a fact that is clearly explained by the evolutionary history of domestication. This study had the goal to bring together studies that analyzed dogs' ability to respond to cues given through explicit pointing by humans, stimulating a debate between Ethology and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and presenting possibilities of explanatory synthesis. There are two tides in literature, one of which focuses on the processes of the dog's life history as determinants of communicative skills with humans (behavior-analytic approach) and an ethological approach emphasizing the process of canine domestication as independent variable. The ethological view is predominant in explaining the phenomenon mentioned above. Three articles were found that use a synthetic explanation of phylo and ontogenetic principles previously discussed in the present article, and they converge in arguing that evolution and epigenesis must have acted in order to prepare the domestic dog to respond to human communicative cues. It is concluded that social skills observed in dogs should not be solely attributed to an inherited factor, due to domestication, since learning is strong determinant of behavior; nor only to ontogeny, since conditioning process does not seem to be the only cause of communicative abilities seen in this species. It is also discussed the possible role of epigenesis in facilitating human-dog communication. The design of these experiments could strengthen with an increase of a debate between Ethology and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

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