13 1A glimpse at Ethology in Latin AmericaBehavioural and ecological aspects of black tufted-ear marmosets, Callithrix penicillata (Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Callitrichidae) in a semi-urban environment 
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Revista de Etologia

 ISSN 1517-2805

BONFIM, Vanessa Maria Gomes; NAPOLI, Marcelo Felgueiras; CRUZ, André Luis da    KLEIN, Wilfried. Effects of variations of osmolarity on behavior in Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Leptodactylidae, Anura, Amphibia). []. , 13, 1, pp.28-36. ISSN 1517-2805.

^len^aAmphibians experiencing evapotranspirative water loss may suffer dehydration. Another difficulty is their limited tolerance to brackish water. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water salinity on behavior (activity and water conservation posture) in Leptodactylus macrosternum, in normally hydrated animals with urine in their bladder, in normally hydrated animals without urine in their bladder and in dehydrated ones with urine removed from their bladder. Experiments were filmed, behaviors were registered, and a Behavioral Dehydration Protection Index (BDPI) was calculated, using a weighted average of the postures. A GLM and Kruskall Wallis test was performed with Dunn's multiple comparisons test to evaluate the effects of osmotic gradient stress on BDPI. It was found that emptied bladder and aerial dehydration did not influence BDPI (p = 0.832 and p = 0.142, respectively), contrary to what is seen in the literature. The different osmotic media had a significant effect on BDPI (p = 0.0003).^lpt^aAnfíbios que experimentam perda de água podem sofrer desidratação. Outra dificuldade é a tolerância limitada à água salobra. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da salinidade da água no comportamento (atividade e postura de conservação de água) de L. macrosternum, normalmente hidratados com urina armazenada na bexiga, normalmente hidratados com urina removida da bexiga e nos desidratados com urina removida da bexiga. Os experimentos foram filmados e foi calculado o índice de proteção comportamental da desidratação (BDPI) usando média ponderada. Realizamos modelo linear generalizado e teste Kruskall-Wallis com comparação múltipla de Dunn, para analisar o efeito dos gradientes de estresse osmótico sobre o BDPI. Observamos que a bexiga esvaziada e a desidratação exercida pelo ar não influenciam o aumento do BDPI (p = 0.832 e p = 0.142, respectivamente) sendo contrário ao visto em literatura. Os diferentes meios osmóticos tiveram efeito sobre o BDPI (p = 0.0003).

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