Resumo

LEITE, Rita de Cássia Duarte; BRITO, Larissa Regina Martins de; MARTINS-REIS, Vanessa de Oliveira  e  PINHEIRO, Ângela Maria Vieira. Phonological awareness in children at the beginning of literacy and associated factors. Rev. psicopedag. [online]. 2018, vol.35, n.108, pp. 306-317. ISSN 0103-8486.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance between phonological awareness, intelligence (analogical reasoning), vocabulary and acquisition of phonemes. METHODS: A sample of 273 children (mean age= 6.2 moths) from nine state schools in Belo Horizonte was submitted to measures of phonological awareness, intelligence, vocabulary and acquisition of phonemes and was divided into two groups according to their performance in these measures, being within the expected and not expected for child development. RESULTS: When intelligence was taken as a reference, children from middle to upper level compared to below-average and below-average (percentile equal or lower than five) scores obtained better performance in rhyme-judgment and syllabic-level tasks (subtraction and inversion), but only in one of the phonemic awareness tasks (inversion). Likewise, the contrast between over-expected development in receptive vocabulary and under-performing performance showed differences between groups in favor of the first in the tasks of judgment of rhymes and syllabic level, while in the phonemic level this difference occurred in the subtraction task and in the total score of phonemic awareness tasks. On the other hand, the contrast between typical and atypical development in the acquisition of phonemes showed that children with typical development distinguished themselves from their peers. In addition to presenting superior performance in syllabic awareness tasks (except for the judgmental task of rhymes), they performed equally well in all phonemic tasks (except segmentation). CONCLUSION: It was found that the influence of vocabulary and, above all, the acquisition of phonemes in the phonological awareness skills at the phonemic level were greater than the influence of intelligence. This demonstrates the importance of the adequate development of oral language at the beginning of the literacy process.

Palavras-chave : Phonological Awareness; Literacy; Language; Intelligence.

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