Resumen

MENEZES, Luís Carlos. The suffering from social origin. Rev. bras. psicanál [online]. 2018, vol.52, n.3, pp. 33-45. ISSN 0486-641X.

There are, beyond sufferings that result from the forces of nature and the fragility of the body, those sufferings that are experienced within social relationships of which we have been part since the beginning of our lives. Cultural values operate in systems of beliefs which are socially shared. These values are introjected by subjects as the ego's ideal. Both beliefs and values consolidate social organization and they order relationships among the members of society. These beliefs and values, however, are likely to suffer changes due to the innovative and critical ability to think (i.e. thinking skills) which Freud called the work of culture and the drive to freedom, especially when it comes to beliefs and values that are perceived as the cause of social suffering. And then a turnaround happens: they turn out to be understood as prejudice and intolerance, which are strengthened by the primary hatred of what is different. At this point, they are questioned in a political process within society. This happens because a time of change destabilizes and causes regressive violent reactions, of which one may find a useful description in Rene Kaës's concept of radical ideological position. The achievement of citizenship in Western Democracies, changes in women's place, the evolution of ways of thinking about sexual life as the mandatory virginity and the strict rules about sexual guidance illustrate the subject of this work.

Palabras clave : intolerance; beliefs; values; sexual diversity; ideologies.

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