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Temas em Psicologia

versão impressa ISSN 1413-389X

Temas psicol. vol.6 no.3 Ribeirão Preto dez. 1998

 

A seleção de estímulos relevantes na busca visual: processos automáticos ou controlados?1

 

The selection of stimuli relevant in visual search: automatic or controlled processes?

 

 

Ederaldo José LopesI,2; César GaleraII

IDepartamento de Psicologia, CEHAR, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
IIDepartamento de Psicologia e Educação, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto

 

 


RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir o processo de seleção da informação relevante na tarefa de busca visual e os mecanismos atencionais subjacentes a ela. Nós apresentamos o desenvolvimento do conceito de atenção seletiva e algumas questões importantes sobre esse assunto empregando a tarefa de busca visual. Alguns experimentos mostram que a procura do alvo pode ser feita a partir de um subconjunto de estímulos, facilitando o processo de seleção e de busca do alvo. Alguns fatores experimentais podem tornar esse processo dependente de atenção focalizada (controlado), enquanto outros podem torná-lo sujeito a mecanismos atencionais distribuídos sobre o campo de busca (processo automático). O diagnóstico desses processos baseado na variação do tempo de reação em função do número de estímulos é problemático. Nós propusemos um diagnóstico baseado no método dos fatores aditivos que tem sido útil na identificação de características que permitem um processo de seleção automático.

Palavras-chave: atenção seletiva, busca visual, processamento controlado, processamento automático, tempo de reação.


SUMMARY

We aimed to investigate the attentional mechanisms underlying the selection process in the visual search task. We present the development of the selective attention concept and some important questions about this concept using the visual search task. Some experiments show that the search for a target can be restricted to a subset of stimuli, making easy the selection and search processes. Some experimental factors can make the selection process dependent on focai attention (controlled process), while others can make it dependent on mechanisms distributed through the entire search field (automatic process). The diagnosis of these processes based on the slope of the reaction time is controversial. We proposed a diagnosis based on the addictive factors method that have been usefúl to identify those visual characteristics that allow an automatic selection process.

Key-words: selective attention, visual search, controlled processes, automatic processes, reaction time.


 

 

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1. Comunicação apresentada no Simpósio Atenção Visual em Humanos: Mecanismos Automáticos e Voluntários realizado na XXVIII Reunião Anual de Psicologia, outubro, 1998. (e-mail: ederaldo@umuarama.ufu.br)
2. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Departamento de Psicologia. Avenida Pará, 1720. Jardim Umuarama. CEP. 38405-320

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