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Memory is not a flawless system and distortions of memories can be found among its troubles. This phenomenon observed in several pathologies can lead to the production of confabulations and false recognitions. The present article proposes a review of the studies that addressed memory distortions in order to better understand their origin, mechanisms and cognitive processes involved, It is noteworthy that a single etiology could not be found due to the heterogeneity of the phenomenon of confabulations. However, the models that attempt to explain their origin are presented. A different type of memory distortion is false recognition. It has been studied using experimental paradigms such as the one developed by Deese in 1959. For certain authors, its origin can be placed in the coding processes, while for others in the deficits in information retrieval. These theories, though divergent, are not necessarily contradictory. Nevertheless, consensus hasn't been reached yet.