<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0104-1282</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of Human Growth and Development]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. Hum. Growth Dev.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0104-1282</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do Ser Humano]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0104-12822025000200273</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36311/jhgd.v35.17796</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Glycosaminoglycans Composition Associated with Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy in Degenerative Lumbar Spine Diseases]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo Ferraz de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luana Ridolfi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ondiciati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Finato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renan Pelluzzi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinhal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Aparecida Silva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Heliópolis Neurosurgery Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de São Paulo Neurosurgery Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitário FMABC Biochemistry Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo André SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitário FMABC Biochemistry Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo André SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitário FMABC Biochemistry Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo André SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitário FMABC Biochemistry Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo André SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>273</fpage>
<lpage>281</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0104-12822025000200273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0104-12822025000200273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0104-12822025000200273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction  hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, also called yellow ligament, is a major contributor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis in degenerative spine diseases. Elastic fibers, collagen, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans are key components of the extracellular matrix of the ligamentum flavum, playing essential roles in maintaining its structural integrity and function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, particularly those involving alterations in glycosaminoglycans composition, remain poorly understood.  Objective  to analyze the composition of glycosaminoglycans in the ligamentum flavum of patients with degenerative lumbar spine diseases, with the aim of identifying molecular alterations associated with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.  Methods  thirty Ligamentum flavum samples were surgically obtained from patients diagnosed with either lumbar disc herniation or spinal canal stenosis. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans were extracted, identified, and quantified using agarose gel electrophoresis and specific glycosidases digestion. Ligamentum flavum thickness was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations between ligamentum flavum thickness and glycosaminoglycans composition.  Results  a significant increase in chondroitin sulfate level was detected and found to be positively correlated with the degree of ligamentum flavum thickening. In contrast, dermatan sulfate levels did not show significant variation across different degrees of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.  Conclusion  ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in degenerative lumbar spine conditions is associated with specific alterations in glycosaminoglycans composition, particularly an increase in chondroitin sulfate content. These findings suggest that chondroitin sulfate, a highly anionic constituent of the extracellular matrix, may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ligamentum flavum thickening observed in degenerative lumbar spine disease.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução  a hipertrofia do ligamentum flavum, também denominado ligamento amarelo, é um dos principais fatores que contribuem para a estenose do canal vertebral lombar em doenças degenerativas da coluna. Fibras elásticas, colágeno, proteoglicanos e glicosaminoglicanos são componentes-chave da matriz extracelular do LF, desempenhando papéis essenciais na manutenção de sua integridade estrutural e funcional. No entanto, os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na hipertrofia do ligamentum flavum, especialmente aqueles relacionados a alterações na composição dos glicosaminoglicanos, ainda são pouco compreendidos.  Objetivo  analisar a composição dos glicosaminoglicanos no ligamentum flavum de pacientes com doenças degenerativas da coluna lombar, visando identificar alterações moleculares associadas à hipertrofia do ligamento.  Método  trinta amostras de ligamentum flavum foram obtidas cirurgicamente de pacientes diagnosticados com hérnia de disco lombar ou estenose do canal vertebral. Os glicosaminoglicanos sulfatados foram extraídos, identificados e quantificados por eletroforese em gel de agarose e digestão com glicosidases específicas. A espessura do ligamentum flavum foi medida por meio de imagens de ressonância magnética e análises estatísticas foram realizadas para avaliar as correlações entre a espessura do ligamentum flavum e a composição dos glicosaminoglicanos.  Resultados  foi detectado um aumento significativo nos níveis de condroitim sulfato, correlacionado positivamente com o grau de espessamento do ligamentum flavum. Em contraste, os níveis de dermatam sulfato não apresentaram variações significativas entre os diferentes graus de hipertrofia do ligamentum flavum.  Conclusão  a hipertrofia do ligamentum flavum em condições de degeneração da coluna lombar está associada a alterações específicas na composição dos glicosaminoglicanos, em especial ao aumento do conteúdo de condroitim sulfato. Esses achados sugerem que o condroitim sulfato, um componente altamente aniônico da matriz extracelular, pode desempenhar um papel fundamental na fisiopatologia do espessamento do ligamentum flavum observado nas doenças degenerativas da coluna lombar.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lumbar stenosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extracellular matrix]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chondroitin sulfate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dermatan sulfate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chondroitin ABC lyase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estenose lombar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[matriz extracelular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[chondroitim sulfato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[dermatam sulfato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[condroitinase ABC]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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