Introduction:

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is associated with high relapse rates and multiple hospitalizations. Several factors influence detoxification and treatment outcomes, representing a potential risk for relapse and rehospitalization.

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to explore and summarize the existing research on risk and protective factors for relapse and rehospitalization.

Methods:

Search terms were applied in different databases: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Three independent researchers performed blind assessments of study eligibility and quality. To assess for risk of bias, we utilized an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results:

Forty studies were included suggesting a significant number of risk factors for rehospitalization, including psychiatric comorbidities, psychological trauma exposure, failed program, history of rehospitalization, history and patterns of drug use, family and social problems, occupational status, sex, medical condition, age, ethnicity, and housing. We also described some common protective factors: adherence to treatment, social and familial support, self-efficacy, and characteristics of self.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest these variables could affect a person with SUD in withdrawal management and treatments. Clinicians should pay attention to these factors during the assessment phase to orientate interventions to minimize potential risk factors and promote preventive strategies.

        · resumen en Español | Portugués     · texto en Inglés     · Inglés ( pdf )