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Temas em Psicologia
versão impressa ISSN 1413-389X
Temas psicol. vol.9 no.1 Ribeirão Preto abr. 2001
A ciência cognitiva e o problema da folk psychology1
Cognitive science and the problem of folk psychology
Saulo de Freitas Araújo
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
RESUMO
A suspeita de que a linguagem pode tornar-se um obstáculo ao conhecimento humano não é um acontecimento novo na história do pensamento ocidental. Estendendo essa suspeita à psicologia, coloca-se a seguinte questão: a psicologia dispõe de uma linguagem que garanta sua identidade entre as demais ciências? Ao se formular tal questão, vai-se de encontro a um dos problemas centrais da ciência cognitiva contemporânea, que diz respeito ao lugar da folk psychology - o conjunto de termos habitualmente utilizado pelo senso comum para descrever, explicar, predizer e avaliar as atitudes e o comportamento das pessoas - no desenvolvimento de uma ciência da mente. É possível detectar três posições divergentes: o realismo de Fodor, o eliminativismo de Churchland e o instrumentalismo de Dennett. Após uma análise dessas perspectivas, conclui-se que os autores baseiam suas discussões em uma concepção muito restrita da folk psychology e cometem aquilo que chamamos de "o equívoco ontológico".
Palavras-chave: filosofia da psicologia, ciência cognitiva, folk psychology.
ABSTRACT
The feeling that language can be an obstacle to human knowledge is not new in the history of western thought. As such issue is approached within psychology, the following question arises: is there a language of psychology which would guarantee its own identity among the other sciences? Once this question is formulated, one faces one of the central problems of cognitive science, concerning the place of folk psychology -the ordinary terms usually employed to describe, explain, predict and evaluate people's attitudes and behaviour - in the development of a science of the mind. It is possible to detect three divergent perspectives: Fodor's realism, Churchland's eliminativism and Dennett's instrumentalism. After analysing these different approaches, it is concluded that their discussions are based on a very limited conception of folk psychology and that they make what may be called "an ontological mistake".
Key words: philosophy of psychology, cognitive science, folk psychology.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text available only in PDF format.
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Endereço para correspondência:
Departamento de Psicologia - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Av. Vasconcelos, 48/402 - Alto dos Passos
CEP 36026-480, Juiz de Fora - MG
Fone (32) 3229-3117
e-mail: saulo@ichl.ufjf.br
Recebido em 23/10/01
Aceito em 05/11/02
Apoio financeiro CNPq.
1 Trabalho apresentado na mesa-redonda Questões conceituais no funcionalismo psicológico: William James, B. F. Skinner e o cognitivismo contemporâneo, XXXI Reunião Anual de Psicologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, outubro de 2001.