Abstract

MENEZES, Luís Carlos. The new gaze. J. psicanal. [online]. 2022, vol.55, n.102, pp. 25-45. ISSN 0103-5835.

Although psychoanalysis is a practice and a field of knowledge focused on the irrational, the unconscious, there is no doubt that it could only be constituted in an already advanced stage of scientific knowledge and of the cultural and political development that preceded it. The possibility of its practice also depends on a social environment in which people's civil rights are preserved and in which there is an openness to diversity in the ways of being and living. In an obscurantist religious environment or in a totalitarian political regime it becomes unfeasible. In this work, the author goes through some clues, using some authors since the Renaissance, the emergence of experimental sciences and the libertarian, humanist ideas of the Enlightenment. The industrial revolution with the emergence of capitalism, socialist ideologies and orderly hygienist societies at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century, resulting in the totalitarian ideologies of the last century. The originality of the ethical position of psychoanalysis is highlighted in the perspective of these movements.

Keywords : obscurantism; enlightenment; modernity; freedom; psychoanalytic ethics.

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